
Yoga
“The origin and development’
It is difficult
to say, when Yoga was originated. It is an unsolved puzzle in the midst
of eastern history. This can be declared certainly that not only in the
India but by the saints and evolved souls of around the world worked to
develop this science. During this development Yoga was influenced and
modified with various regional languages and thoughts as well. The
essence of Yoga is taught & preserved with several symbols languages and
in similes. Some traditions belief that Yoga is a boon to ancient saints
so that they can cognize and experiences their divine virtues.
In general it used
to be taught in a tradition called GURU-DECIPLE TRADITION. In that time
there was no confusion and people had vivid knowledge regarding its
purpose and meaning, because Gurus used to teach according their own
experience & were keeping pupils free from misunderstandings. The
paradox what we see today in different systems of Yoga was commenced
when people started scriptifying it, even though these paradoxes and
incongruity are born due to misinterpretation and wrong exposition of
obscure techniques. This can not to impeach on creators of Yoga
scripture. They in fact tried to write the thought of Yoga in very
simple and clear words and averted difficult statements. Ancient Ruses
attempted to encapsulate maximum material in finite terms to help coming
generations not to be lost in intellectual wrangling. Therefore at many
places they made their statements subtle with the add of symbols and
signs so that qualified people can make out these teachings. If the
student is industrious and curious he will understand either himself or
by Guru. Many fallacies have erupted even afterwards. Pundits and
intellectualists especially have been the prey of this as they did not
have the base of practical self experience to support their exposition.
Common men unfortunately heard, adopted and followed these people.
People who had true knowledge, self experience and were able to expound
authentically were ignored. The result was misconception. People have
done therefore very stupid and irrational works like sitting in
scorching sun without cloths, walking on fire, standing on one leg for
long hours and punishing their bodies. And they called it Yoga.
The Yoga what we
know and see today is about five thousand years old. The remnants
regarding Sindhu Valley Civilization that are found in an archeological
search of Hadappa and Mohanjodaro have some idols practicing Yoga
Meditation. Among these images some of them are Shiva and Parvati (his
counterpart) in the gesture of Meditation.
The first
declaration about Yoga is found in the Vedas. There is no exact
testimony or proof which can indicate the time when Vedas were created
but still some scholars belief that they are at least 4,500 years
old.Vedas are considered to be the original and first text of Yoga
because they carry the gist of Yoga science. At many places in the Vedas
word Yoga is mentioned, typically in Rig-Veda but this meaning is
absolutely ambiguous. Some of the Yogic subjects are discussed in Vedas
for example Dharna (contemplation) Dhyana (meditation) etc. Vedas also
talk about Energy centers or Chakras they say that these centers or
energy whirlpools are inside the body but not in the gross body. Nada or
Sound science is also being narrated in the Vedas.
The form of Yoga
what we have today is evolved from the time BRAHMAN and UPNISAD GRANTHAS
were created. BRAHMAN is the scriptures which talk about rituals they
have lot of historical information. They say that JAPA (chanting) and
MAUNA (silence) are the significant parts of Yoga. For the first time
BRAHMAN GRANTHAS only narrated about NADABRAHMA (AUM) and its
characteristic. These scriptures depict the science of SWARYOGA (the
study of breathing and subtle flow ways and their relation with life)
UPANISADS are the
one who provided the firm foundation to Yoga. The word UPNISAD derives
from Sanskrit and can be split up as UP= near NI= learn SAD= sitting
that means learning in the presence of GURU. There are approximately 200
UPNISADS came in existence between 600B.C. to 15th A.D. Some
main UPNISADS are ISH, KEN, KATH, PRASHN, MUNDAK, MANDUKYA, BRHDARANYAK,
CHHANDOGYA, ETAREYA, TAITTARIYE and SHWETASHWER.
The concise
massage of UPANISADS is that Soul can only be known with Yoga, not
merely by reading books or pondering. In these texts it is repeatedly
said that experience of Soul does not appear from outside but it is the
factual part of our personality residing at very deep level inside us.
They say that PRANA is the basic fact of our life. They also declare the
existence of 72,000 NADIS (Pathways of life force) and KUNDALINI (the
primal energy). Initial UPANISADS like KEN and KATH narrate indirectly
about KARMAYOGA and its lows. These texts only mention the probability
of YOGA for common man who can undertake the Yoga practice while
performing his worldly duties and can attain the ultimate height or
evolution. Before there was a belief that one has to renounce all
mundane activities and separate him completely from world and get
seclusion.
Various UPANISADS
like KATH & PRASHNA also depict about OUM. They frequently say that
contemplation on OUM lets the MEDITATION occur spontaneously. Some
UPANISADS provide basic foundation of RAJYOGA which was latter
systematize and versified by Patanjali.
MAHABHARAT &
RAMAYAN are two popular epics of India. They were created about 3500
years ago, a little earlier form Buddhist era. MAHABHARAT contains
around 10 million verses RAMAYAN in comparison is smaller. It is rather
treasure of knowledge than scripture. These texts talk about YOGA
through myriads of stories and examples. These tales indicate that how a
man should accept challenges of life and overcome to attune him with
cosmic consciousness.
Yoga Sadhaks who
posses adequate knowledge of Yoga science and who are adept to have
capacity to experience high realities should study a characteristic book
called YOGAVASHISTH. It is an intrinsic collection and has subtle
scientific and spiritual ideology that has been discovered now by
scientists. It contains the knowledge which has comprehensive approach
for health, disease, gaiety, grieves and all other aspects of life.
MAHABHARAT is the
biggest story of Indian History. Many parts of this story have direct
link with Yoga, though the main essence-teaching of this epic is
encapsulated in this book only which is termed as BHAGVADGITA famous in
whole world. It is poetic flow of knowledge comprising 700 verses.
BHAGVADGITA is a unique Yoga book that can guide anybody on every step
of his life. In concise this script typically introduces KARMYOGA,
JYANYOGA, and BHAKTIYOGA & DHYANYOGA. Before BHAGVADGITA came in
existence it was known that all the Paths of Yoga are separate from each
other. It is BHAGVAD GITA that has scientifically combined all the forms
of Yoga. The Yoga science which appears today was founded in BHAGVADGITA.
This is the
literary development of Yoga. One more thing that is significant along
with this is the role of Practitioner and Gurus. They are the once who
have kept it alive in fact these people only developed and evolved Yoga
with their self experience. Literature is the means merely to manifest
contemporary prevailing principles.
Yoga science has
been handed down orally since very beginning that is why it development
has been deranged. Varied teachers taught it differently. Therefore it
became an aggregate of various incompact injunctions. The great seer
Patnajali few centuries before the Christ then tried to rearrange all
the facts of Yoga in his book called Yoga Sutras. It has approximately
199 verses. The dimensions of mind which are discussed in His Yoga
Sutras are much more subtle and accurate to modern psychology. The
present psychology accepting and implementing the thoughts that
Patanjali has launched.
Some other people
have also contributed to the evolvement of this science. Kabir, Tulsi,
Namdev, Chaitanya Mahaprabhu were following the path of Bhaktiyoga.
Several books are
written on Hath yoga as Hath yoga Pradipika, Shiva Samhita, Gherand
Samhita etc. These scriptures describe about Asana, Breathing practices
Locks (Bandhas) Mudras (psychic gestures). Since very beginning
innumerous Yogis have worked significantly to evolve this sacred science
like; Matsyendranath, Gorakshanath, Janak, Yagnyavalkya, Astravakra,
Vyas, Lahiri Mahasaya and Raman Maharishi etc. The history of Yoga is
too long and the list of texts or scriptures goes on but the books which
are mentioned here carry the essential gist of Yoga.
Written by Dr. Rakesh
Kumar Singh
Relevance
of yoga in our life
Top
.jpg)
.jpg)
.jpg)
.jpg)
.jpg)
.jpg)
.jpg)